哮喘儿童应用粉尘螨滴剂舌下含服脱敏治疗的随访观察

摘要

目的:探讨哮喘儿童应用粉尘螨滴剂舌下含服脱敏治疗的疗效和维持时间.方法:回顾性分析2007年1月至2008年6月皮肤点刺试验尘螨阳性哮喘患儿200例,经家属同意后分为对照组(仅行常规治疗)和脱敏组(在常规治疗基础上舌下含服粉尘螨滴剂),并对其进行28个月的随访观察以判定疗效.结果:与对照组相比,脱敏组治疗1.5～2 a有效率高,差异具有统计学意义(χ2分别为23.595和41.512,P<0.001).随治疗时间延长,脱敏组治疗有效率增加,但1.5 a与2 a治疗有效率差异无统计学意义(χ2=2.253,P=0.133).结论:舌下脱敏疗法对于尘螨过敏的哮喘患儿有良好的治疗及预防发作效果,且安全可靠,最短治疗时间为1.5a.%Aim:To analyze the effects and duration time of dust mite-specific sublingual immunotherapy in children with asthma. Methods: Two hundred asthma children with positive skin brick tests of dust mite from Jan. 2007 to Jun. 2008 were chosen and divided into two groups: desensitization group ( dust mite-specific sublingual desensitization based on the routine treatment )and control group( only routine treatment). The 2 groups were followed up for twenty-eight months in order to assess the effect of the desensitization. Results: Compared with control group, the response rate of desensitization group treated by desensitization for 1.5 to 2 years was higher. There was significant difference between the two groups( x2 were 23. 595 and 41.512,P<0.001 ). The response rate for the desensitization group had no significantly statistical difference between 1. 5 years and 2 years therapy(x2 =2. 253 ,P =0. 133 ). Conclusion:The sublingual dust mite desensitization therapy is safe and reliable in the prevention and treatment of the asthma in children who are allergic to dust mite, and the latest duration time should be 1.5 years.