分子生物学技术应用于木材识别的研究进展

摘要

The prominence of wood for the human society and progress in its identification technologies have been of great importance in the development of wood science and forest resource protection.Along with continuous breakthroughs in wood DNA extraction methods,molecular biology technologies have been applied to wood and wood assortment identification.In this paper the progress of molecular technology for wood identification was reviewed.Methods used in wood DNA extraction along with questions and improvement measures were presented.Technologies used in wood identification,such as microsatellite,single nucleotide polymorphism,and DNA barcoding,were reviewed.Also,successful instances of molecular biology technologies utilized in wood resource identification were described.Finally,problems and prospects of molecular technologies for wood identification were analyzed.%木材识别技术的进步对于木材科学的发展及保护森林资源意义重大.随着木材DNA提取方法的不断突破,分子生物学技术开始应用于木材及木制品的材种鉴定及来源地识别,这对于阻止禾材的非法砍伐及贸易具有重要意义.对近年来研究者在木材分子识别技术领域取得的进展进行了概述,介绍了木材DNA提取常用的方法、存在的困难、改良的措施及不同提取方法获得的DNA质量；在木材树种鉴定方面,主要介绍了微卫星、单核苷酸多态性和DNA条形码技术的应用进展；列举了分子生物学技术在木材来源地的鉴定中的成功案例；最后,分析了木材分子识别技术仍存在的问题,并对其发展及应用前景进行了展望.