全球价值链分工“物理”位置研究评述与展望

摘要

随着全球价值链研究的逐步深入，有别于传统方法的“物理”位置指数得以产生。该指数能够综合反映生产单位在产业链的相对上下游程度和生产过程的参与程度，使国际分工位置测定问题得以有效解决。文章以“物理”位置测度方法为切入点，以发展中国家在价值链上的不良分工位置和生产任务错配两大问题为中心，梳理“物理”位置的相关研究理论，对比过去所使用的价值链测度方法之优劣和不足，论述了解决这两大问题的关键因素：生产率、产业组织形式、垂直专业化、制造业服务化和下游竞争力；并就价值链未来研究方向进行了展望。%As the research on Global Value Chain (GVC)goes deep gradually,“physical”position index different from traditional method is thus generated.This index can comprehensively reflect both the relatively upstream and downstream extents of production unit in the industry chain position and the participation degree in the production process so that the problem of measuring international position in GVC is solved effectively.This paper takes “physical”position measurement method as the entry point and focuses on two problems (poor international position of developing countries in GVC and wrong allocation of production tasks)to organize relevant research theories of “physical”position.Meanwhile,this paper compares advantages and shortcomings of previous value chain measurement methods, discusses key factors to solve the two problems (productivity,industrial organization form,vertical specialization,“servicification”of manufacturing, and competitiveness in downstream markets ) and expects future research direction of GVC.