散文时代的美与真--从黑格尔到维尔默

摘要

黑格尔认为，美就是理念的感性显现，美和真是同一的。而理念必须在历史中呈现自身，因此美学本质上就是描述感性地呈现理念的诸种方式的艺术史。这一模式受到了以下两种挑战：首先，在黑格尔生活的时代，整个社会环境呈现出“散文化”的特征，艺术成为与社会现实相对立的“彼岸”，理性的真和感性的美产生分裂。其次，到了现代，阿多诺意识到启蒙正走向它的反面，哲学体系带来的是现实中不合理的统治。维尔默认为艺术必须重新界定美和真的关系，以便发挥出批判性的潜能。%Hegel believed that beauty was the perceptive representation of the idea;therefore beauty and truth were identical. The idea must show itself in history;therefore the aesthetics should be understood as the history of art,which tells how the ideas are represented differently.This model has faced two challenges:first,in Hegel’s time,the whole social environment showed a“prosaic”feature,and art became “the other side”of the social reality,while the rational truth and the perceptive beauty got split.Second,in modern times,Adorno realized that enlightenment has moved toward its opposite,while the philosophical sys-tem turned out to be their rational rule.Wellmer believed that the relationship between beauty and truth must be redefined in or-der to bring the critical potential of art into full play.