云南新平傣族生计模式及其变迁的生态人类学研究

摘要

Dabinglangyuan Village of Xinping County in Yunnan Province is a typical Dai village spe-cially selected by the local government for rural tourism.Based on the field investigation,the paper a-dopts the cultural adaptation theory of eco-anthropology to analyze the livelihood mode and changes of the Dai people in this village as well as the impacts of livelihood changes on its eco-culture.It con-cludes that their traditional livelihood mode formed in the long history was a cultural mechanism that can adapt to the local natural environment.With the development of the local society and economy, the traditional livelihood mode of these villagers has experienced dramatic changes,and they are some-what willing to adapt to the open market,a kind of adaptation to the changes in the social and cultural environment,but are also under the influence of some restrictive factors.%云南新平县戛洒镇大槟榔园是一个典型的傣族聚居村落，也是当地重点发展的特色乡村旅游村寨之一。本文在田野调查的基础上，应用生态人类学的文化适应理论分析了大槟榔园的传统生计模式及其变迁，以及生计变迁对生态文化的影响等问题。研究表明，大槟榔园村民在长期的历史进程中所形成的传统生计模式是一种适应于当地自然环境的文化机制。随着社会经济的发展，村民的生计模式正发生着深刻而剧烈的变革，村民以一种较为主动的方式融入开放的市场中，体现出对社会文化环境变化的适应性，但又不得不受限于一些限制性因素的影响。