清朝对漠北喀尔喀统治政策的失误及其影响——以兵役制度为中心

摘要

清朝政府在北疆治理中,以"施恩于喀尔喀,使之防备朔方,较长城更为坚固"为政策导向所采取的一系列举措,被学界视为中国历代治理边疆的成功典范.而本文认为,清廷的兵役制度违背了所谓对喀尔喀的"恩惠"之策,相反使其陷入困境,高压政策酝酿出强烈的抗拒心和反清情绪,进而导致边防松弛和民心涣散,成为外蒙走向分离的重要因素.%The scholars concerned usually regard "the policy of appeasement towards the Khalkha group for defending the north rather than the construction of a stronger Great Wall"by the Qing gov-ernment as the best example of all for governing the north borderland of China by Chinese feudal re-gimes.However,this paper holds that because the system of military services of the Qing govern-ment was not in agreement with this policy of appeasement towards the Khalkha group,who got into a dilemma and had a will of rebellion,which led to a poor border defense and was the root cause of the independence of Outer Mongolia.