论牟宗三先生中西哲学的分判与会通思想

摘要

Mr. Mu Zongsan thinks that China＇s philosophy mostly focus on ＂people＂, views ＂life＂ as the center, and weights at subjectivity and intrinsic morality. Whereas, western philosophy focus on ＂nature＂, views ＂knowledge＂ as the center, and weights at objectivity. Buddhist phrase ＂one mind and two gates＂ provides a overall framework for the integration of Chinese and western philosophy. The creation gate is equivalent to what Kant called ＂wisdom and thinking world＂, and the birth and destruction gate is the equivalent of ＂feeling and touching world＂. In the phenomenal world, the Chinese philosophy should put forward the epistemology; in the thinking world, Western philosophy should bring out the ontology which depends on the presentation of intellectual intuition to integrate the estrangement between the two worlds. In short, the ideal level the integration of Chinese and Western philosophy could reach is -- a philosophical morphology： one mind （conscience -- in the form of intellectual intuition） opens two gates （wisdom and thinking world; feeling and touching world）, which is also refered to the Perfect Doctrine of moral metaphysics in Confucian philosophy.%牟宗三认为中国哲学关注的是“人”，以“生命”为中心，重主体性与内在道德性；西方哲学关注的是“自然”，以知识为中心，重客体性。佛教天台宗之“一心开二门”的思想可为中西哲学的会通理论上提供一个整体架构。真如门就相当于康德所说的智思界，生灭门则相当于感触界。在现象界方面，中国哲学须开出知识论；在智思界领域，西方哲学须开出以智的直觉之呈现来通透二界隔阂的无执的存有论。总之，中西哲学会通达到的理想哲学状态即以良知之一心（以智的直觉的形式）开出感触界与智思界之二门的哲学形态，也即是儒家哲学之道德的形而上学之圆教。