“不得了”与“了不得”--基于语料库的多维考察

摘要

Bùdéliǎo and Liǎobùdéare a pair of synonyms that are frequently used in contemporary Chinese . However , those two words are not equivalent under specific circumstances in the practical usage .Based on the syntactic components of the language , the subject properties of the two words are different , but the syn-tactic functions are similar .In terms of semantics , the positive semantics of B ùdéliǎo are not as flexible as liǎobùdé.In relation to pragmatics , the two words show different aspects of styles , independent usage , dis-course markers and modal function , and the difference in their collation with co-occurrence words are mainly resulted from the difference of semantic extension in describing property and character of things .%“不得了”与“了不得”是现代汉语中使用频率较高的一组近义词，但两者在某些情况下不可任意替换。在句法层面，两者功能相似，偶有差异，且主语性质有所区别；在语义层面，表评价义时，“不得了”褒义感情色彩以及对积极语义的选择功能没有“了不得”强；在语用层面，两者关于语体选择、独用情况、话语标记和情态功能方面的考察亦不尽相同，而这组词与共现词搭配时出现异同的原因，主要在于“不得了”对事物性状描写的程度语义大于“了不得”。