通过几何比例尺为1:2的物理模型试验,研究三峡升船机螺母柱结构各构件受力状态及传力机制,比较施工期与运行期各构件应力变化与变形规律.试验表明:运行期,在锁定荷载作用端受拉明显,且荷载作用端预埋钢构件凸齿和灌浆材料均存在拉应力,应力值在设计允许范围以内;在预应力、锁定荷载共同作用下,测点位移、应变与荷载的关系基本呈线性变化;灌浆材料与各构件之间传力效果较好.在不考虑预应力钢筋的作用,同时预应力螺栓只加到设计荷载50%的条件下进行破坏试验,其结果显示,螺母柱的安全承载能力为0.7倍设计荷截,说明预应力作用不可缺少.%Simulation model experiment, with a model scale of 1:2, is carried out to study the mechanisms of transferring force and stress state of nut column structure of the ship lift in the Three Gorges Project, and to compare the variation of stresses and deformation of each member between construction period and running period. The experiment shows that in running period the definite load end is tensioned significantly, tension stresses exist in preembedded steel member convex teeth and grouting materials, and the tension stress values are in the allowable range of design. Under the combined action of prestress and definite load, the relationship of displacement, strain with the load is nearly linear, and the effect of transferring force among the grouting material and steel members is good. Destructive test under the condition of ignoring the prestress reinforcement effect and increasing the test load to 50％ of design load shows that, the safe bearing capacity of the nut colunm is 0.7 times the value of the design load. It states that the prestress is indispensable.
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