中国古代夫妻合志首题书写的演变∗

摘要

Compared to the epitaph for the male only, the epitaph for the couple differs greatly. If the couples were buried together, the epitaphs usually mentioned the male sub ject, which was a usual practice in the Tang Dynasty. It was a rare case to mention the wife in the epitaph. After the Ming Dynasty, however, it became a common practice to mention both the husband and wife in the epitaph, This change resulted from the change of maternal funeral ritual and the improvement of epitaph style.%与单一墓主的墓志题式相比，夫妻合志的复杂性在于墓主的二人性，既然墓志是两人合志，那么在首题中理应兼书两人，但中国古代夫妻合志的首题书写经历了题不书妻到夫妇双标的演变：合志题不书妻，明代以前是常例，明代以后成为特例；合志首题夫妇双标，明代以前是特例，明代以后变为常例。以明为界，夫妻合志首题的书写发生了一个转换。寻究转换的原因，主要有二：服母丧制度的变化；文体自身完善的驱动。