乌鲁木齐市水磨沟区育龄妇女贫血现状及其影响因素分析

摘要

目的：了解乌鲁木齐市水磨沟区育龄妇女贫血现状及影响因素。方法在水磨沟区按照“中国卫生状况分类”情况通过分层随机抽样的方法，抽取育龄期妇女1890例，按年龄组分为≤20、21～30、31～40、≥40岁4个年龄段，维吾尔族446例，汉族986例，哈萨克族458例，抽取血标本，检测血红蛋白（Hb）、红细胞计数（RBC）、平均红细胞体积（MCV）、血清铁（FE）及血清铁蛋白（SF），同时进行贫血有关影响因素的问卷调查，并进行统计学分析。结果在所调查的1890例年龄15～49岁育龄妇女中，汉族妇女 Hb 和 RBC 水平最高，哈萨克族妇女 Hb 和RBC 水平最低，不同民族育龄妇女 MCV 差异有统计学意义（P ＜0．05）。汉族妇女 FE 及 SF 水平最高，哈萨克族妇女 FE 及 SF 水平最低，不同民族育龄妇女 FE 水平差异有统计学意义（P ＜0．05）。各民族21～30岁年龄段育龄妇女贫血发病率最高，各年龄段哈萨克族妇女 Hb 水平最低。贫血患者中主要为缺铁性贫血。结论乌鲁木齐市水磨沟区育龄妇女贫血发病率较高，其中21～30岁年龄段育龄妇女贫血发病率最高，应引起有关部门的重视，对影响育龄期妇女贫血的主要原因进行预防与干预，降低育龄期妇女贫血的发病率，提高育龄期妇女的健康状况。%Objective To understand the status and influence factors of women of childbearing age in Shuimogou District of anemia in Urumqi.Methods In the Shuimogou area in accordance with the “classifi-cation”Chinesehealth status by stratified random sampling method,Extraction of child-bearing period women,According to the age groups were divided into less than 20 years,21 to 30 years old,31-40 years old,41 years old of above 4 age group,According to the nationality is divided into the Uygur,Han,Ka-zak,blood specimens,Extraction of blood sample,Detection of hemoglobin (Hb),red blood cell count (RBC),mean corpuscular volume (MCV),serum iron (FE)and serum ferritin (SF).At the same time carries on the questionnaire survey of related factors,statistical analysis.Results In the survey of 1 890 a-ges 15 to 49 year old women of childbearing age,women of the Han nationality of Hb and RBC level high-est Kazakh women Hb and RBC red level lowest MCV difference of different nationalities have statistical significance (P <0.05).Women of the Han nationality Fe and SF levels highest in Kazakh women Fe and SF levels lowest,and Hb levels consistent,the difference of different ethnic groups and Fe have statistical significance (P <0.05).All ethnic groups in the 20 to 30 years of age,anemia incidence rate highest of all ages in Kazakh women Hb level lowest prevalence of anemia was the highest.Mainly for iron deficiency a-nemia in anemic patients.The factors related to the occurrence of anemia were age,nationality,diet and life structure,menstrual cycle and number of days,marital status,pregnancy,history,etc.Conclusion Urumqi women of reproductive age in Shuimogou District,the anaemia rate slightly higher than the na-tional average prevalence rate,The high prevalence of pregnancy,should arouse the attention of the rele-vant departments,Prevention and intervention effect on main causes of anemia in women of childbearing age women of childbearing age,reduce the incidence ofanemia rate,mprove the health of women of child-bearing age.