骆驼蓬籽脂肪油提取工艺的优选

摘要

目的：优选出骆驼蓬籽脂肪油的提取工艺。方法采用均匀设计法，以出油率为指标，分别优化索氏提取法和超声-微波协同萃取法提取骆驼蓬籽脂肪油的工艺参数，并对2种方法的优选工艺进行横向比较，确定合适的提取方法与工艺参数。结果索氏提取工艺优选出的参数：以石油醚为提取溶剂，溶剂倍数为20倍，于80℃的水浴11 h，出油率为（30．10±0．36）％；超声-微波协同萃取法优选出的参数：萃取溶剂为正己烷，溶剂倍数为18倍，萃取温度为65℃，萃取时间为20 min，出油率为（12．80±0．26）％。横向比较结果表明索氏提取法比较适合骆驼蓬籽脂肪油的提取。结论优选出的索氏提取工艺稳定、合理、可行，可用于试验室提取骆驼蓬籽脂肪油。%Objective To optimize the extraction process of fatty oil in the seeds of Peganum harmala. Methods The uniform design was used to optimize the process of Soxhlet extraction and ultrasonic-micro-wave synergistic extraction separately.The appropriate extraction method was selected by comparing the optimized process.Results The optimized Soxhlet extraction process was as follow:petroleum ether as the extraction solvent at a multiple of 20 times,extracted for 11 hours at 80℃ in water bath.The extracted ratio of fatty oil was 30.1% by Soxhlet extraction.The optimized ultrasonic-microwave synergistic extrac-tion process was as follow:hexane as the extraction solvent at a multiple of 18 times,extracted for 20 mi-nutes at 65℃.The extracted ratio of fatty oil was 12.8% by ultrasonic-microwave synergistic extraction. By comparison,Soxhlet extraction of fatty oil in the seeds of Peganum harmala proved better.Conclusion The optimized Soxhlet extraction process is stable,reasonable and feasible and it can be used to extract fatty oils in Peganum harmala seed in laboratory.