噪声岗位916例作业员工职业健康状况分析与研究

摘要

Objective To investigate the effects of long-term contact noise on employees′physical and men-tal health by the survey of noise-only occupational audiometry,occupational health examination and SCL-90.Methods A total of 916 employees who were exposed to noise were randomly selected for the observa-tion group.The hearing loss was analyzed by pure tone audiometry.At the same time,1 503 employees from the same factory were randomly selected as the control group.Blood pressure,Electrocardiogram (ECG),fasting blood glucose,blood lipid and blood uric acid test,liver B ultrasound,body mass index and other physical examination results were analyzed;SCL-90 of two groups were analyzed.Results The detection rate of mild high frequency hearing loss was significantly increased (P <0.01),and the detection rate of mild to moderate noise deafness was also increased (P <0.05)with the increase of the length of noise exposure.No severe noise deafness was detected.The incidence of abnormal electrocardiogram and hypertension in the observation group was significantly higher than that in the control group (P <0.01). There were no significant differences in the incidence of hyperlipidemia,diabetes,fatty liver and hyperuri-cemia between the two groups (P >0.05).The scores of SCL-90 in the observation group were higher than those in the control group (P <0.01).Conclusion The noise workers exposed to strong noise environment for a long time,the auditory system,electrocardiogram,blood pressure,mental health have a certain im-pac.We should take positive measures to reduce the impact on staff physical and mental health.%目的：探讨噪声岗位作业员工的职业健康状况及长期接触噪声对员工身心健康的影响。方法采取现状调查，随机抽取接触噪声岗位作业的916位员工为观察组，进行纯音测听，分析听力损失情况；同时随机抽取同一生产厂非噪声岗位的1503位员工为对照组，对两组的血压、心电图、空腹血糖、血脂和血尿酸化验、肝脏 B超、体质指数等体检结果进行分析；对两组症状自评量表（SCL-90）评分结果进行分析。结果随着接触噪声工龄的增长，轻度高频听力损失检出率明显增加（P ＜0．01），轻中度噪声聋检出率也增加（P ＜0．05）。未检出重度噪声聋。观察组异常心电图、高血压的发生率均明显高于对照组（P ＜0．01）。两组高脂血症、糖尿病、脂肪肝、高尿酸血症的发生率比较差异无统计学意义（P ＞0．05）。观察组 SCL-90中各项因子分、总均分、阳性项目数得分均高于对照组（P ＜0．01）。结论噪声岗位员工长期暴露在强烈噪声环境下，对听觉系统、心电图、血压、心理健康有一定影响，应采取积极措施，减少对员工身心健康的影响。