2012-2013年6月至7月份，在塔吉克斯坦北部苦盏市周边地区采用点计数法对包括森林草原、荒漠草原、戈壁荒漠、果园、农田等5类有代表性的生境开展鸟类群落多样性调查；同时将涉及的鸟类按食性和捕食区域划分捕食集团，研究了不同群落捕食集团的组成特点。结果表明，不同生境的鸟类可划分为5类群落。其中农田鸟类种类较丰富，香农-威纳指数和均匀性指数在5种生境中均最高；森林草原中鸟类种类最少，香农-威纳指数和均匀度也最低；各种生境条件下群落中杂食性鸟种数比例均为最高。调查结果表明，塔吉克斯坦传统的种植制度有利于维持农业生态系统鸟类物种多样性，此外，捕食集团在温带干旱区也有成为生态环境指标的潜力。%A survey on bird community diversity was carried out to study diversity of bird community of five typical habitats including forest steppe,desert steppe,gobi desert,orchard and farmland in Khujand Region in June and July of 2012-2013.Species were assigned to avian feeding guild based on a combination of preferred diet and foraging layer.Birds were classified as:omnivore,insectivore,granivore and carnivore or a combination of these.Foraging layers were:terrestrial,aerial or arboreal.The results showed that bird species richness of farmland was the greatest,while the desert was the lowest.As to bird species diversity and eveness,farmland was the greatest,while species diversity of forest and grassland was the lowest.A-mong the five habitats,share of species of omnivore was the highest.Our results show that the traditional cropping system in Tajikstan helps maintain bird species diversity in agricultural ecosystems,in addition,a-vian feeding guild in temperate arid region also can be used as an potential ecological indicators of environ-ment.
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