In order to solve the problem of irregular distributing of flow field in electrochemical machining gap of the closed integral structure ,based on the regular distributing of electrochemical machining gap flow field ,a hole working face of cathode is designed ,then the electrochemical machining gap flow field under different back pressure conditions is compared ,and any vortexes or cavities in the gap flow field are examined .The results indicate that by changing the distributions ,sizes ,shapes of these holes and increasing the back pressure ,the low flow velocity area is basically eliminated and the minimum electrolyte flow velocity is increased from 0 .2397m/s to 05085m/s , the occurrence of any vortex and cavity is reduced and the cathode structure is optimized .%针对闭式整体构件电解加工间隙流场分布不均匀的，基于电解加工间隙流场，设计了阴极过水孔工作端面，比较了不同背压条件下电解加工间隙流场，分析了间隙流场空穴、涡流现象．研究结果表明，通过改变过水孔分的疏密，孔径的大小和形状，增加背压，消除了间隙流场中低流速区域，电解液较低流速区域的速度由0．2397 m/s提升至0．5085 m/s ，减少了空穴和涡流现象的发生，优化了阴极结构．
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