洞庭湖区土壤、稻米的镉问题及其治理

摘要

Cadmium is one of 12 universal dangerous matters determined by UNEP in 1984. The existing data show that if cadmium is above 0.87mg/kg in rice soil and 1.13mg/kg in rice, people will suffer cadmium poisoning dis- eases if they eat rice for a long time. In the Dongting Lake area, cadmium is 0.36mg/kg in shallow soil and 0.14mg/kg in deep soil; cadmium is 0.06mg/kg in early rice and 0.16mg/kg in late rice. Therefore, rice in the Dongting Lake area is safe now. However, if cadmium in soil continues to accumulate and people plant super hybrid rice which accumu- lates cadmium greatly, rice may be unsafe in the future. So now it is critical to prevent cadmium from accumulating in soil.%镉是1984年联合国环境规划署提出的具有全球意义的12种危害物质之一。已披露的资料表明，稻田土壤中镉含量大于0．87mg／kg，稻米中镉含量大于1．13mg／kg，长期通过食物链可导致人出现镉中毒病症。洞庭湖区浅层土壤中镉含量均值为0．36mg／kg，深层土壤中均值为0．14mg／kg；稻米中镉含量早稻均值为0．06mg／kg，晚稻均值为0．16mg／kg。洞庭湖区农田按现镉水平及种植的现水稻品种来看，稻米食品是安全的。但是如果稻田土壤镉还在累积，又种植富集镉强势的超级杂交稻，那么难免有一天会出现稻米食品不安全，因此不使现在水稻土壤有镉的累积最为关键。