针对某工厂大量弱异性货物取货的物流实践,研究了入厂物流路径优化决策问题.根据弱异性中小尺寸货物装车堆码特点,通过分析路径-装箱复合问题的是否托盘单元化、托盘类型、装车方式和车型四种决策结点,建立了托盘单元化再装车、一维堆码装车和三维优化装车三种不同方案下的模型及算法,涉及制造托盘装箱问题、需求可拆分及带装载约束的车辆路径问题等.应用实例数据,给出了各模型总里程、车辆数和满载率结果的比较,并进行了物流作业成本的比较分析.这一分析基于多模型优化和物流作业频次、时间与成本综合模型,有助于多种不同约束条件下的车辆路径问题的决策与应用.%The path optimization decision problem of inbound logistics was studied to help a factory to make decisions on logistics operations with a large amount of weakly heterogeneous cargo to pickup. Based on the loading and stacking performance of the weakly heterogeneous cargo with small and me-dium-sized dimension ,the route-packing complex problem ,with judgment on four decisive branches :palletizing ,pallet type ,loading methods and vehicle types was examined.And three vehicles routing models with pallet loading ,one-dimensional stacking and three-dimensional loading constraints were setup along with their solving algorithms respectively ,which involves the manufacturing tray packing problem ,CVRP models with split-delivery and multiple dimensional loading constraints.By using the example data ,the results on total mileage ,vehicle numbers and the fulling rate were compared and the logistics activity-based costs were compared and discussed.This analysis comprises multiple mod-els optimization and a comprehensive logistics activities model on frequency ,time and cost ,which is conducive to the decision-making and application of vehicle routing problems under different con-straints.
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