地铁座椅结构分析与轻量化优化方法

摘要

地铁座椅的轻量化设计对于降低地铁车辆成本、节约原材料和能源消耗具有重要意义.针对某地铁座椅的轻量化设计要求,提出了一种有限元分析与试验验证相结合的轻量化优化方法.首先,采用有限元分析软件ANSYS Workbench对地铁座椅结构进行了强度分析,在此基础上提出了轻量化优化方案,并通过有限元分析初步验证了轻量化优化后的座椅结构满足强度要求.其次,以实际加工好的地铁座椅为试验对象,模拟实际工况,设计并实施了静载试验和动载试验.试验结果一方面检验了有限元计算分析结果的有效性,另一方面进一步验证了地铁座椅结构轻量化优化的合理性.通过探讨有限元分析与试验验证相结合的方法在地铁座椅设计中的应用,为地铁座椅轻量化设计提供了一种快速、有效的现代设计手段.%Lightweight design of subway seats is very important for the reduction of costs as well as conservation of raw materials and energy consumption.In the view of the lightweight design requirements of a certain subway seats,a lightweight optimization method of finite element analysis combined with experimental validation was investigated.Firstly,the finite element analysis software ANSYS Workbench was used to analyze the strength of the seats,and the lightweight optimization scheme was proposed.Through the finite element analysis,the seats after lightweight optimization were preliminary validated to meet the strength requirements.In addition,taking the processed subway seats as the test object,actual working conditions were simulated,and the static and dynamic load tests were designed and implemented.The test results on the one hand validate the results of the finite element analysis； on the other hand the rationality of the lightweight optimization of the seat structure is verified.The application of the method of finite element analysis combined with experimental validation in the design of the subway seats is investigated,which provides a rapid,effective modern design method for the lightweight design of subway seats.