儿童个人自尊对其运动参与阻碍因素的影响

摘要

自行设计“小学儿童自尊及运动参与阻碍因素调查表”，采用分层抽样方式对成都市小学三、五两个年级展开调查。结果显示：（1）调查表具有良好的适合度，所获取的儿童运动参与阻碍因素中，结构阻碍最高，其次为内在阻碍及人际阻碍；（2）运动参与阻碍与儿童性别、年级、学校特色及学校位置有关，整体阻碍表现为女生高于男生、低龄者高于高龄者、一般学校高于特色学校、郊区城镇学校高于中心城区学校，这种差异在内在阻碍及结构阻碍方面尤其突出；（3）儿童自尊亦影响其运动参与阻碍，表现为低自尊者拥有更高参与阻碍，低自尊女生参与阻碍显著高于男性，低龄儿童中的低自尊者有更高的参与阻碍，郊区城镇学校中的高自尊儿童拥有更高的参与阻碍。结论：通过测试找出儿童运动参与的主要障碍，并结合其自尊特征就能对症下药，为促进青少年健身习惯养成提供有效的干预策略。%The research designed a survey of self‐esteem of pupils and participation impedimentfactors of sports ,and usedt‐he stratified sampling method to investigate grade three ,five of primary schools in Chengdu .Results :1) Survey has a good fitness .Among the participation impedimentfactors of sports of children ,structural impediment is the highest ,fol‐lowed byinternal impediment and interpersonalimpediment .2)Participationimpediment of sports is related with gender , grade ,the feature and location of schools .Thelevel of overallimpediment is that ,girls are higher than boys ,youngerare higher than older ,ordinary schools are higher than vocational schools ,suburban town schools are higher thancentral city schools .Such kind of differences show particularly in the fields of internal impediment and structural impediment .3) Self‐esteemof children also affects their impediment participation of sports ,which are as follows ,the participation impediment of the ones who have low self‐esteemis higher ,the participation impediment of the girls who have low self‐esteem is higher the boys ,the participation impediment of the younger who have low self‐esteem is higher ,the participation impediment of the ones who have high self‐esteem coming from suburban town schools is higher .Conclusion :By test to identify the main impedimentparticipation of sports of children ,and combined with features of self‐esteem ,this research could resolve this problem ,and provide effective intervention strategiesto promote the fitness habits of youth .