薇甘菊颈盲蝽对薇甘菊的控制作用

摘要

Pachypeltis sp. was first discovered to obligately feed on Mikania micrantha, to clarify the effect of feeding for the growth, flowering and seeding of Mikania micrantha, 10 female and male adults respectively were selected to study the way, time, place, quantity and frequency of feeding and the control capacity for Mikania micrantha. The results showed that ground erect stem length of feeding host plant 59. 83 ±0. 60 cm, significantly less than 79. 53 ±0. 48 cm of no feeding; flower number of feeding host plant 92. 4 ± 15. 29, significantly less than 710. 9 ±47. 31 of no feeding; from 9 AM to 9 PM, female adult feeding leaves area of 1. 14 ±0. 14 cm2, significantly less than the male adult feeding leaves area of 3. 47 ±0. 50 cm2, both larger than minimum feeding new leaves area of 1 cm2, 1 adult one day can feed 2 new host leaves; female adult feeding frequency of 1. 12 ±0. 12/min, significantly less than the male adult of 2. 58 ±0. 24/min; adult feeding more active in the afternoon, the peak population quantity of female adult feeding of 6. 0 ± 1. 26 at 7 PM, while the male adult' s of 6. 2 ±0. 66 at 9 PM. With the characteristics of strong feeding ability, big appetite and high feeding frequency, Pachypeltis sp. can affect the stem growth to restrain the clone of host plant, affect the inflorescence differentiation to restrain the flowering and seeding quantity of host plant, take effective control of host plant to sexual transmission and diffusion, and can be taken as an important natural enemy for Mikania micrantha.%在首次发现薇甘菊颈盲蝽专性取食薇甘菊的基础上,为阐明其对薇甘菊的控制作用,2011 ～2012年,通过田间试验研究薇甘菊颈盲蝽取食对薇甘菊生长、开花、结实的影响,室内选取健壮的颈盲蝽雌、雄成虫各10头研究薇甘菊颈盲蝽雌、雄成虫取食薇甘菊的方式、取食时间、取食部位、取食量、取食频率、控制能力.结果表明,薇甘菊颈盲蝽各虫态都嗜食薇甘菊嫩叶以维持生存,薇甘菊被颈盲蝽取食后,地面直立茎长度(59.83±0.60 cm),极显著小于未受害薇甘菊地面直立茎长度(79.53±0.48 cm)；受害后花序数(92.4±15.29个),极显著小于未受害花序数(710.9±47.31个)；AM9:00～PM9:00,雌成虫取食嫩叶面积(1.14±0.14 cm2),显著小于雄成虫取食嫩叶面积(3.47±0.50 cm2),均大于薇甘菊颈盲蝽选择取食最小新叶面积1 cm2,1头薇甘菊颈盲蝽成虫1天足以取食1对薇甘菊新叶片；雌成虫取食嫩叶的取食频率(1.12±0.12欠/min),显著小于雄成虫取食嫩叶的取食频率(2.58±0.24次/min)；每天下午薇甘菊颈盲蝽成虫取食较为活跃,雌成虫取食嫩叶虫口数量PM7:00达到峰值(6.0±1.26头),雄成虫取食嫩叶虫口数量PM9:00才可达到峰值(6.2±0.66头).薇甘菊颈盲蝽具有取食能力强、食量大、取食频率高等特点,能对薇甘菊的茎生长产生影响,抑制其无性繁殖；也可对薇甘菊的花序分化产生影响,抑制其开花结实量,有效控制薇甘菊进行有性传播、扩散,是控制薇甘菊极为重要的一种天敌昆虫.