提取刚竹属中毛金竹、毛竹、龟甲竹、人面竹、紫竹、白哺鸡竹、黄槽竹、芽竹、蓉城竹、红壳雷竹、假毛竹、金竹、黄纹竹等13个竹种的DNA，对其内转录间隔区（ ITS）序列以及maturase K （ matK）序列进行PCR扩增和序列测定。构建了与其亲缘关系接近的刚竹属6个种、牡竹属3个种共22个竹种基于ITS序列的系统发育树和刚竹属7个种、牡竹属3个种共23个竹种基于matK的系统发育树，并探讨了其亲缘关系。结果显示，实验所用的大部分竹种分类结果与传统分类类似，但黄纹竹、毛竹与其他刚竹属竹种的遗传距离较远，却与牡竹属的竹种聚类，与传统分类相左。通过测序分析认为其为杂种的可能性较高，并由此推测杂种的存在是造成竹子分子分类困难的一大原因。%DNA was extracted from 13 bamboo species , namely Phyllostachys nigra var.henonis, P.heterocycla cv.Pubescens, P.heterocycla, P.aurea, P.nigra, P.dulcis, P.aureosulcata, P.robustiramea, P.bissetii, P.incarnata, P.kwangsiensis, P.sulphurea and P.vivax cv.Huanwenzhu, and PCR amplification and sequencing were carried out for the Internal Transcribed Spacer (ITS) and maturase K (matK) sequence.Homology search were carried out on the sequencing results in the GenBank by adopting BLAST method .Phylogenetic tree was con-structed based on the ITS sequences with 6 species belonged to Phyllostachys and 3 species Dendrocalamus from GenBank .The another thophylogenetic tree was built based on the Matk sequences with 7 species belonged to Phyllostachys and 3 species Dendrocalamus from GenBank, and their generic relationships were discussed .The re-sults were basically in agreement with the genus classification results of traditional classification method for species of Phyllostachys, but P.vivax cv.Huanwenzhu and P.heterocycla cv.Pubescens have a close relationship with spe-cies of Dendrocalamus.This is different from the traditional classification , and it may be the reason that why it is difficult to classify bamboo by molecular methods .
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