柳河县近20年森林景观格局动态变化分析

摘要

Based on Landsat TM images of 1995,2004 and 2015 of Liuhe county,Jilin Province and combed with the principles of landscape ecology,with selecting the diversity index of landscape pattern and using the transfer matrix method,the author analyzed the dynamic variation characteristics of forest landscape pattern with Arcgis 9.3 and Frigates 3.3.The results showed that forestland and cultivated land were dominant landscapes and accounted for the largest area in Liuhe county,and most of them distribute in regular large patches.The shrub land,open forest land and immature forest land accounted for the less area,and distribute in sporadic small patches.Landscape area transformation mainly increased in the area of forestland and cultivated land and declined on the wetland area transition to forestland,cultivated land and building sites.During 1995 to 2015,it was obviously that the degree of landscape fragmentation and separation has been decreasing in the study area.Moreover,the diversity and evenness of Shannon index were both increased slightly and then decreased sharp,which indicated that the control effect of dominant landscape as forestland and cultivated land were accelerated on the study area.The richness and complexity of landscape were decreasing,but the heterogeneity was increasing.%以吉林省柳河县1995年、2004年和2015年3期Landsat TM遥感影像为主要数据源,应用Arcgis 9.3和Fragstats 3.3软件,结合景观生态学原理,通过选取多种景观格局指数以及面积转移矩阵方法对柳河县森林景观格局的动态变化特征进行分析.结果表明,柳河县有林地和耕地面积所占比重最大,为优势景观,且多以规则较大斑块分布.灌木林地、疏林地和未成林地面积所占比重较小,且呈碎小斑块零星分布.景观面积转移主要表现在耕地、有林地的增多转化与湿地向有林地、耕地以及建设用地的减少转化.1995-2015年,研究区景观破碎化和分离程度明显下降,香农多样性指数和香农均匀性指数都经历了小幅度上升而后大幅度下降的变化,表明作为优势景观的有林地与耕地对研究区的控制作用加大,研究区丰富程度和复杂程度减少,异质性降低.