为了研究铁皮石斛白绢病,于2013年4月至2015年7月,在室内外对病害危害程度、症状、病原菌分离、鉴定、致病性试验、发病规律及防治方法进行观察和研究.结果表明,铁皮石斛白绢病可为害叶片、茎秆和根部,后期致植株死亡,产生许多菌核.叶片和茎秆上的病原菌分离得率均在80%以上.通过形态描述、DNA分子测序和致病性试验,确定翠雀小核菌是引起铁皮石斛死亡的病原菌,接种8周后,可引起植株死亡,症状与自然发病相似.在病害发生之前或发生初期应选用哈茨木霉、枯草芽孢杆菌制剂进行预防.病害发生后,使用多菌灵防治.这是一种毁灭性病害,在国内首次对该病害进行全面报道.%In order to research damage,symptoms,isolated pathogenic fungus,identification,pathogenicity test,incidence regularity and control method of Sclerotium delphinii from Dendrobium officinale,relevant studies were carried out in laboratory and field from April 2013 to July 2015.The results showed that S.delphinii damaged the leaves,stems and roots of D.officinale,and produced many sclerotia.The isolated rate of pathogenic fungus were over 80% on leaves and stems.After morphological description,DNA molecular sequence and pathogenicity test,it was found that S.delphinii was the pathogenic fungus and result in died of D.officinale after 8 weeks,and its symptoms was similar to those of natural disease.Trichoderma harzianum and Bacillus subtilis were used for disease prevention or in the early stage of disease occurrence,and carbendazim were used for disease control.Sclerotium delphinii is a devastating disease,and this paper is the first report in China.
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