《夷坚志》所见宋代僧道的另一面（下）

摘要

The inclusive and flexible religious cultural policy, an equal approach to Confucianism, Buddhism and Taoism pur-sued by the Southern and Northern Song dynasties, along with the social great changes flourishing commodity economy had great effects on Buddhism, Taoism and their followers. More and more monks in Song Dynasty went after the earthly life which became their value orientation. They were crazy about money and infatuated with women. The secularization, another side of monks in Song Dynasty, was made public in Yi Jian Zhi by Hong Mai, a giant of literature in the Southern Song dynasty. These monks did their businesses, accumulated wealth wantonly by illegal means and defrauded people of money, which was in compatible with the rules and creeds of Buddhism and Taoism. As a result, it developed into a serious problem endangering the secular world.%由于两宋政府奉行包容宽松的儒、道、佛三教并举的宗教文化政策，辅之以社会的剧烈变迁及商品经济的高度繁荣，极大地影响、冲击着宋代的佛教及佛教徒、道教及道教徒，不仅促使僧道这一特殊社会群体恶性膨胀，而且宋代僧道已由超然尘俗之外、不食人间烟火的宗教徒日益向世俗化方面转化。热衷钱财，迷恋声色，贪图享乐，追求世俗生活，越来越成为宋代众多僧道的价值取向，并日益外化于其日常言行中。南宋文坛巨擘洪迈独撰的志怪小说集《夷坚志》，就大量披露了宋代僧道的另一面，亦即世俗化的一面：经营产业，大肆敛财，诈骗钱财等，与佛教、道教的教规教义与禁律戒条以及佛道徒的特质格格不入，进而演变成为危害世俗社会的严重问题。