交叉口直行待行区时空资源集成优化模型

摘要

直行待行区是提高信号控制交叉口空间资源利用率、提高直行进口道通行能力、降低直行车道车辆排队长度及缓解交叉口拥堵的有效方法。探讨了信号控制交叉口直行待行区的设置条件及其利弊，分析了直行待行区设置前后的直行进口道车辆运行特征。针对直行待行区设置后会增加车辆二次起动－停车而造成的车辆油耗及尾气排放增加等问题，提出了一种以车辆排队长度最短、直行进口道通行能力最大、车辆平均停车率最小为优化目标的交叉口直行待行区时空资源集成多目标优化模型。通过 VISSIM 仿真对该优化模型进行有效性分析，仿真结果表明通过合理设置直行待行区长度，并配以直行相位协调控制策略，能够提高交叉口直行待行区交通运行效益及环境效益。%The waiting-area for through vehicles is an effective way which can increase the space resource utilization and traffic capacity of through approach,decrease the vehicle queue length in through lane and mitigate the traffic congestion at signalized intersection.The setting of criteria and pros and cons of the waiting-area for through vehicles at signalized intersection were discussed,the running characteristics of vehicles which go straight before and after the setting of waiting-area for through vehicles were elaborated.In order to solve the problem of the increase of fuel consumption and exhaust emission caused by the secondary start-stop after the setting of waiting-area,an integrated multi-objective optimization model for the time-space resource of waiting-area for through vehicles was proposed,considering the vehicle queue length,traffic capacity of through approach and average stop rate of vehicles.An efficiency analysis making use of the VISSIM simulation software shows that the proposed model can improve the traffic operation and environmental benefit of waiting-area for through vehicles via setting an appropriate length of waiting-area and choosing a coordinated control strategy for through phase.