After three decades of reform and opening up, because of the economic system reform, changes in social structure, changes of people’s ideas, and the influence on China from the foreign capitalist system, alienation in China revealed. To some extent, it intensifies the contradiction between man and man, the contradiction between man and nature and affects the social stability, the harmonious between human and nature, and the harmonious between people and people. Therefore, study on the content of Marx’s theory of alienation and its characteristics and examining it from the perspective of the combination of reality and history is not only of great theoretical and guide value, but also of profound and important practical inspiration and guidance. It can help China’s process of modernization, which takes economic construction as the center, economic development with the most fundamental focus on the people above, the full attention to human freedom and comprehensive development, the restore of the true meaning of life and the prevention of the proliferation and spread of alienation.% 改革开放三十年来，由于经济体制的改革、社会结构的变动、人们思想观念的变化，再加上国外资本主义制度对我国的影响，就造成了异化现象在我国的显露，这在一定程度上激化了人和人的矛盾、人和自然的矛盾，影响社会的安定及人与自然、人与人之间的协调发展。因此，我们现在研究马克思的异化理论的内容及其特点，从现实和历史相结合的角度去对其加以考察，对于我国在以经济建设为中心的现代化建设进程中在经济发展的同时把最根本的重点放在人的上面，充分重视人的自由及全面的发展、恢复生命的本真意义以及防止异化现象的扩散和蔓延，不仅具有重大的理论价值、导向作用，而且还有着深刻而重要的现实启迪作用、指导意义。
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