南方红豆杉迁地保护小种群适应性进化机制研究

摘要

To explore the adaptation mechanism of ex-situ conserved population of Taxus wallichiana var. mairei, the community structure, genetic diversity and genetic structure of ex-situ conserved population as well as its derived populations in Nanjing Botanical Garden were studied with the wild populations in northwestern Jiangxi as control. The results showed that both the wild populations and ex-situ conserved populations maintained high genetic diversity, and the genetic diversity of the wild populations was a little higher than that of the small ex-situ conserved populations, but individual density in ex-situ conserved populations was higher than that of wild populations. At same time, the genetic variation within population was bigger than that between populations. In whole, ex-situ populations, showing unconspicuous founder effect, are still in the early succession and has potential to further development.%为了解南方红豆杉迁地保护种群的适应性进化机制，以南京中山植物园内南方红豆杉迁地保护栽培种群和扩散的衍生种群为材料，以引种初始地江西野生种群为对照，对南方红豆杉群落的结构、遗传多样性及遗传结构进行分析和研究。结果表明，南方红豆杉野生种群和迁地保护种群均维持着较高水平的遗传多样性，其中野生种群遗传多样性稍高于迁地保护小种群，但迁地保护种群中南方红豆杉个体密度大于野生种群。同时，种群内的遗传变异所占比例大于种群间的。整体来看，南方红豆杉迁地保护种群还处于演替早期，存在不明显的奠基者效应，有进一步演替发展的可能。