基于自组织理论的道路交通拥塞自疏散模型研究

摘要

为了进一步探讨道路交通拥塞控制方法，以及为缓解这一社会性问题提供理论及模型依据，完善道路交通拥塞控制研究的理论框架，本文以定性与定量相结合的研究方法，在分析道路交通拥塞演变过程（即道路交通拥塞的形成及消散过程，整个过程包括从自由流状态过渡到拥挤状态再到堵塞状态，逐渐消散到拥挤状态，最后达到畅通自由流状态)的基础上，通过对实地调查路段及交叉口交通流参数分析，得到道路交通拥塞演变过程中交通流量及车辆跟驰特性呈泊松分布，进而根据自组织理论中的协同学理论，确定交通拥塞序参量，并基于最短行程时间和Dijkstra算法中的最优路径选择方法，建立道路交通拥塞自疏散模型。通过对模型进行应用分析，验证了模型的有效性。本文研究成果对于缓解道路交通拥塞，提高道路交通系统服务能力和运行效率具有一定的理论意义和实用价值。%In order to further discuss the way of controlling the road traffic congestion, to provide the theoretical basis and model for mitigating the social problem, and to improve the theory frame of the study of controlling the road traffic congestion, the combination of qualitative and quantitative way is used in this paper. On the basis of analyzing the evolution of road traffic congestion (the process of the formation and dissipation of the road traffic congestion, which includes the process of traffic state from the free-flow to the crowd then to the blocked, and then changes in the opposite direction), it comes to a conclusion that the hysteresis of traffic flow and vehicles obeys Poisson distribution. Furthermore, the order parameter of traffic congestion is determined according to the synergetic of self-organization, and the self-evacuation model of road traffic congestion is built on the basis of minimum time and the optimal path choice in Dijkstra ALG. Finally the paper verifies the validity of the model by the application and analysis of the model. The research result has a certain theoretical significance and practical value for easing the traffic congestion and improving service capability as well as the operating efficiency.