城市隧道驾驶员生理特征差异性研究

摘要

Variations of physiological characteristics of drivers have been frequently accounted for safety issues at the entrances and exits of tunnels.In order to better understand it and improve traffic safety, a field experiment is conducted to collect the illumination, real-time data of speed, and physiological data of drivers including heart rate and pupil diameter when they driving through urban tunnels.The variations and differences on physiological characteristics at the entrances and exits of urban tunnels are comparatively analyzed using mathematical statistics.Partial correlation analyses for heart rate, illumination and driving speed are conducted.A multiple linear regression model is established to study the influences of external factors on heart rate at the entrances of tunnels.The results show that heart rate has significant differences before/after entering an urban tunnel;while has no significant difference before/after leaving an urban tunnel.Pupil diameter has significant differences when entering and leaving an urban tunnel, and the value of its significance test is close to 0.The partial correlation coefficients between heart rate and illumination, heart rate and speed are -0.65 and -0.74, respectively.The degree of a fitted regression model is 0.66 when only take speed and illumination into consideration.%隧道出入口处驾驶人生理特征变化与交通安全关系紧密,为掌握该路段驾驶人生理特征变化规律,提高隧道口行车的安全性,通过实车实验采集进、出隧道前后的照度、实时车速以及驾驶人心率、瞳孔大小等参数,运用数理统计对比分析了驾驶人在隧道入口和出口段行驶时的心率、瞳孔大小2个方面生理特征的变化规律及差异性.对心率与照度、车速进行了偏相关分析,并建立了入口段心率与照度、车速间的多元线性回归模型以探索外部因素的对心率的影响程度.结果表明,驾驶人心率在进隧道前后存在显著差异,出隧道前后不存在显著差异;瞳孔大小在进、出隧道前后2个阶段均存在显著差异,进行显著性检验的值均接近于0;隧道入口段心率与照度、车速的偏相关系数分别为-0.65和-0.74;入口段仅考虑车速与照度2个因素时所建立的回归模型拟合度为0.66.