AIM:To explore the possible mechanism of the lung surface active substance protein B (SP-B)in neonatal respiratory distress syndrome (RDS ).METHODS:Selected from Septem-ber 201 1 to September 201 3,63 cases of unrelated newborns dy-ing of RDS were set as RDS group,of which there were 31 weeks or less group,32~36 weeks group and 37 weeks or more group, 21 cases in each group;63 cases of newborn,unrelated,death from other diseases,were set as the control group,to match the gestational age with the RDS group at 1 ∶1 .RESULTS:RDS group,lung SP-BmRNA positive cells number did not increase with the increase of gestational age,whereas the control lung SP-BmRNA positive cells number increased with the increase of ges-tational age.SP-BmRNA positive expression cells in RDS group were obviously lower than the control group.Defect frequency of B protein in RDS group was 1 4.29%,significantly higher than the control group's 1 .59%;RDS group's SP-BmRNA defect frequency was 42.86%,which was also significantly higher than the control group's 7.94%.CONCLUSION:SP-BmRNA defects involved in the pathogenesis of RDS.%目的：探讨肺表面活性物质蛋白B（SP-B）参与新生儿呼吸窘迫综合征（RDS ）发病的可能机制．方法：选取我院2011-09/2013-09收治的63例因RDS死亡且无血缘关系的新生儿为RDS组，分为32周以下组、32～36周组及36周以上组，每组各21例；选取我院收治的63例无血缘关系的非RDS而死亡的新生儿为对照组，分组方式与 RDS 组以1∶1相对应．结果：RDS组中，肺部表面活性物质蛋白B（SP-B）mRNA阳性的细胞数量随胎龄增加保持不变，而对照组中，肺部表面活性物质蛋白B（SP-B）mRNA阳性的细胞数量随胎龄增加而升高．RDS组肺部表面活性物质蛋白B（SP-B）mRNA阳性的细胞数水平显著小于对照组．RDS组肺表面活性物质蛋白SP-B缺陷频率为14．29％，明显大于对照组（1．59％）；RDS组肺表面活性物质蛋白SP-BmRNA缺陷频率42．86％，也明显大于对照组7．94％．结论：SP-BmRNA的缺失也是引发RDS病的因素之一．
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