印楝细胞培养物控制黄粉虫幼虫的研究

摘要

为了探究印楝细胞培养物控制害虫的效果，本文通过诱导幼叶、继代培养获得印楝的松散型愈伤组织，再经振荡培养获得悬浮细胞培养物；然后采用二氯甲烷溶剂浸提愈伤组织、悬浮培养物及悬浮培养细胞，制备相应的浸提液；用二氯甲烷分别将这些浸提液稀释成含0.003%印楝素A 的控虫工作液，用其分别处理黄粉虫幼虫，在12,d内，考察其控虫效果．结果表明：3种浸提液的致死效应明显高于阴性对照，其中，第9天的最大致死率达到20%，但它们要明显低于0.003%印楝素乳油农药的处理；3种浸提液对幼虫的虫体质量、拒食和趋避作用等方面效果较好，均达到印楝乳油杀虫剂的控虫水平．印楝细胞培养物经一步浸提后，直接用于控虫制剂的生产，可以节约分离、提纯印楝素等生产性成本．%To explore the pest control effect of neem cultures,relaxed callus was induced and subcultured from young neem leaves,from which suspension cells were obtained by shaking the culture. The callus,suspension cultures and suspension cells were turned into insecticidal solution by using dichloromethane dissolvent.The three kinds of solution were later di-luted into their working solutions with 0.003%Azadirachtin by using dichloromethane;and then those solutions were applied to Tenebrio molitor larvae,one by one. In 12,days,their pest control effects were observed. The results indicated that all the three kinds of dichloromethane extracts had a lethal rate against Tenebrio molitor larvae higher than that of the negative con-trol. The maximum lethal rate of the extracts reached 20%when cultured for 9,days,but the lethal rate was lower than that of 0.003%Azadirachtin EC. The extracts all gave good performance in dealing with the body weight,antifeeding and repellent rate of the larvae,and they all reached the pesticide control level of Azadirachtin Emulsion. In conclusion,neem cell cultures,by one step extraction,can be directly used as pest control agent.This method can lower the production cost of Azadirachtin separation and purification.