静电纺中空NiO/C纳米纤维的制备及中空形成机理分析

摘要

为制备NiO与碳纳米中空纤维,以聚丙烯腈(PAN)和四水乙酸镍(Ni(CH3COO)2·4H2O)为前驱体,借助静电纺丝法和柯肯达尔效应,成功制得中空NiO/C纳米复合纤维.并采用X射线衍射(XRD)、透射电子显微镜(TEM)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)对材料的结构进行了测试与表征.实验结果表明:在空气中300℃氧化2 h制备出的复合纤维形貌最好,纤维平均直径180 nm,纤维内部嵌有大量中空纳米球,其直径约为16 nm,壳层厚度约为4~5 nm.中空球的形成是受柯肯达尔效应驱使的热力学过程.%For the preparation of NiO and carbon nano hollow fiber, PAN and Ni (CH3COO)2·4H2O were used as precursor to prepare NiO/C hollow composite nanofiber by using electrospinning technique and kirkendall effect. The effect of oxidation time on the composite structure was investigated, and the optimum oxidation time was determined. And X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were used to characterize the the material. The results show that oxidation time of 2 h at 300℃is the optimum choice, a large number of NiO hollow nanoballs (size of about 16 nm and shell thickness of about 4-5 nm) uni-formly distributed in the interior and on the surface of the fibers with average diameter of 180 nm. The phasic and morphology evolutions that related to the heating time confirm that the formation of NiO hollow nanoballs is driven by Kirkendall effect.