走向开放性:城市权力研究的演进

摘要

城市治理的关键是城市权力在多元主体间的分配.经典的城市权力研究对此有广泛讨论.在权力构成上,精英主义与多元主义认为是政治权和经济权,增长机器理论和城市机制理论认为土地、资本、信息等都是权力要素.在政府权力上,精英主义认为已衰退,多元主义坚持政府仍然重要,增长机器理论认为政府处于被动,城市机制理论认为政府是主动的但受其他主体影响.在权力运行上,精英主义强调控制,多元主义强调控制和竞争,增长机器理论侧重于竞争,城市机制理论侧重于合作.经典理论诠释了权力走向开放性的命题.今后研究既要挖掘已有研究遗留下的宝藏,又要对新时代新现象保持敏锐,在开放性视阈中关注城市权力的再生产.%The essence of urban governance lies in the distribution of power among the diversity ac-tors.The classical urban power research has aroused extensive discussion.Elitism and pluralism consider that it involves political and economic power.Growth machine and regime theory consider that land,capital and information are main power factors.Elitism thinks that government power is no more important than before,while pluralism holds the idea that government is still important. Growth machine theory thinks government is passive,while urban regime theory thinks government is active but affected by other factors.As for the power operation,elitism stresses control;plural-ism stresses control and competition;growth machine theory lays stress on competition;and urban regime lays stress on cooperation.The future study needs to excavate the past achievement and pay attention to new phenomenon in the new era focusing on the reproduction of urban power in the open perspective.