论苏州市民公社的兴起

摘要

Public Commune was a kind of grassroots merchant autonomous organization in the unit of streets, which developed in Suzhou in the late Qing Dynasty and the early Republic of China. Its development was due to the fact that the Qing Government sought solutions to moderate the reform pressure due to internal and external troubles. Besides, the development of commerce and trade and the spread of Western political thoughts had became an irresistible trend after the country’s opening-up to the outside world. After Suzhou became a port city, Public Communes, the region-speciifc civic organization came into being with the blending of the Chinese and Western cultures. With the original purpose of self-governing for public welfare establishments, Public Communes did a lot of practical work and made great achievements.%市民公社是清末民初在苏州地区出现的一种以街道为单位的商人基层自治团体。它的兴起，一方面是内忧外患的清政府在寻求革新的出路，另一方面则是对外开放后商业贸易的发展和西方思想的传播。苏州被划定为口岸城市后，在中西方文化交融下，产生了这一地区特有的市民公社，它谋求公益事业发展，在公共事务方面经办了很多实事，取得了巨大成就。