美国三代跟踪与数据中继卫星系统的发展

摘要

1983年4月,NASA将首颗跟踪与数据中继卫星(TDRS)送入地球同步轨道.经过20多年的发展,NASA已经部署了两代TDRS,当前正在发展第三代TDRS.本文介绍了跟踪与数据中继卫星系统(TDRSS)的演变过程,讨论了每一代TDRS和地面终端站的采购策略与技术要求,比较了第一代和第二代TDRS的特性和能力,并给出了各地面终端站的当前配置情况.%Over twenty years after launch of the first Tracking and Data Relay Satellite System (TDRS) satellite into the geosychronous orbit in April 1985 and development and deployment of two generations of TDRS, NASA is developing the third generation TDRSS. This paper introduces the evolution of TDRS and discusses the procurement strategies and technical requirements of the satellite and ground systems of each of the three generations. The physical characteristics and service capability of the first and second generation TDRS systems are summarized and the current configurations of various ground terminals are presented.