中西诠释思想之比较——以孟子及阿斯特等人为例

摘要

If we take western hermeneutics as a reference system, we may find that there are two methods of annotation in the philosophy of Mencius. In a word, his "Yiyinizhi ( to interpret the meaning according one's own inclination)" resembles the hermeneutics of Ast, and "Zhirenlunshi (to learn about a person and his background information)" and "Buyiwenhaici, buyicihaizhi (Do not misunderstand the meaning of the sentence for just one word, and do not misinterpret the intention of the expression by misunderstanding the literal meaning )" resemble the hermeneutics of Schleiermacher.However, when we compare the hermeneutics of Mencius with the hermeneutics of Gadamer, we may find that both sides are out of the picture and lack the premise of effective communication. These examples such as Ast show that although western hermeneutics derived from occident, some of them could be compared with Chinese hermeneutics. There is possibility of dialogue between western hermeneutics and Chinese hermeneutics.%如果以西方诠释学作为参照,那么,共有两类诠释方法隐含于孟子思想之中.简言之,他的"以意逆志"说与阿斯特的诠释学接近,"知人论世"说及"不以文害辞,不以辞害志"之说则与施莱尔马赫的诠释学雷同.不过,若把孟子的诠释思想与加达默尔诠释学予以比较,我们将看到,双方各说各话、互不相干,缺乏有效沟通的前提.阿斯特等个案说明,虽然同为西方语境下的产物,却非所有西方诠释学都不具备与中国诠释思想的可比性,中西诠释思想间存在着对话的可能.