井震结合断层解释应注意的几个问题

摘要

井震结合构造解释方法在应用过程中存在合成地震记录标定不准确、低级序小断层识别有误、大断层下盘构造假象、井震断点不匹配等问题。为此，通过VSP的时深关系对声波曲线进行校正，进而制作精确的合成地震记录；利用正演模型并结合分频等构造属性体信息，解决了小断层识别的难题；采用声波约束叠前深度偏移处理技术，进一步提高了构造成像精度，解决了时间剖面上的假构造和井震断点不匹配的问题。应用完善的井震结合构造解释技术有效指导对长垣油田典型区块断点的空间归位、断层的空间组合，断层解释精度得到进一步提高，深化了长垣油田断裂构造的认识，有效指导了断层附近新井部署及注采关系调整，为长垣油田的有效开发提供了可靠的依据。%The structure interpretation method based on well-seismic integration gradually grew mature and got promotion and application. But some problems are found in the application process:synthetic seismogram calibration,identification of low-level small fault,structure illusion under lower walls of large faults,mismatch of well-seismic breakpoint. According to time-depth relationships of the VSP,the acoustic curve is corrected,thus producing accurate synthetic seismograms. The problem of small fault identification is solved by the forward model and with information of tectonic attribute data such as spectral decompositions. By the technique of pre-stack depth migration(PSDM)with acoustic constraints,the accuracy of structural imaging is further improved,and the problem of the false structure and the mismatch of well-seismic breakpoints of seismic profiles in time domain is solved. The application of integrated well-seismic structure interpretation technique effectively guides the spatial positions of the breakpoints,spatial combinations of faults in the typical block of placanticline oilfield,and further improves the accuracy of fault interpretation,thus deepens the understanding of the faulted structure in placanticline oilfield, effectively guides the deployment of new wells and injection-production adjustment near faults,and provides a reliable basis for effective development of placanticline oilfield.