体质量指数对青少年学生血压升高的影响

摘要

目的 调查青少年学生的高血压现状,分析学生体质量指数(BMI)与血压之间的关系.方法 本研究是一项490名学生包括体格检查在内的整群抽样调查研究,按我国成人BMI标准来进行分组,采用统计软件SPSS13.0来进行分析.结果 大多数青少年学生是我国南方地区汉族人群.超重和肥胖合并发生率是12.9%,肥胖率为4.1%.血压正常高值占50.0%,高血压者仅占0.8%.新生超重和肥胖组中高血压和血压高值所占比率较高(x2值=21.38,P＜0.01).除心率外,新生血压随着BMI升高而增高的线性趋势;超重组和肥胖组的收缩压均明显高于正常组和过低组,正常组的收缩压也高于过低组.新生BMI值与收缩压、舒张压正相关(相关系数分别为0.29和0.19;均P＜0.001).结论 BMI是青少年学生血压升高的一项预测指标,应减少青少年体质量超重和肥胖的发生.%Objective To explore the morbidity of hypertension and prehypertension and analyze the association between body mass index (BMI) and blood pressure in Chinese college students. Methods This epidemiological study involved 490 Chinese college students (aged 15-25 years, mean 18.9±1.2 years), and their body height, body weight, blood pressure and heart rate were recorded. The BMI was divided into four groups according to Chinese population standard classification. Results Most students were southern Han Chinese. The incidences of overweight plus obesity and obesity were 12.9% and 4.1%, respectively. The morbidity of hypertension was 0.8% in this student population. The incidences of hypertension and pre-hypertension were higher in high BMI groups than those in low BMI groups. The systolic blood pressures were significantly higher in over-weight and obese groups than in the normal BMI and lean groups. BMI was positively correlated to systolic and diastolic blood pressures in this population. Conclusion High BMI is a predictor of elevated blood pressure in adolescent students.