目的 探讨构建在体新疆维吾尔族女性及汉族女性骶骨数字化三维模型,并进行解剖学特征研究的可行性及意义.方法 选取新疆地区生育活跃期维吾尔族女性90例,汉族女性90例,利用数字化三维重建技术进行骶骨数字化三维重建,再进行形态学研究及生理常数测量.结果 90例汉族女性骶骨形态均为符合解剖学描述的标准型.90例维吾尔族女性中有57例(63.3％)为标准型,有6(例6.7％)为4对骶孔型,有9例(10％)为5对骶孔型,有18例(20％)为骶尾关节异常型.两个民族女性之间骶骨形态类别有显著性差异(P＜0.05).新疆维吾尔族女性骶骨前后孔深距及骶裂孔深度明显大于汉族女性(P＜0.05).非标准型骶骨例数较少,且仅出现在维吾尔族女性中,其中5对骶孔型的骶骨长度最长,4对骶孔非标准类型的骶骨长度最短；骶尾关节异常型的骶骨角度最大,其他几种类型的骶骨角度相似.结论 现代新疆地区生育活跃期维族和汉族女性的骶骨形态及解剖学常数方面存在差异,在临床诊疗中要考虑到不同民族间的差异性.%Objective To construct digitized three-dimensional models of the sacrum of women of Uygur and Han nationalities in Xinjiang and assess their value in anatomical studies. Methods Ninety Uygur women and 90 Han women of child-bearing age in Xinjiang were recruited. Digitized three-dimensional reconstruction was used to construct the sacrum models for morphological study and measurement of the physiological indices. Results The sacral forms of Han women were consistent with the standard anatomical descriptions. Of the Uygur women, 57 (63.3%) showed a standard type of the sacrum, 6 (6.7%) had 4 pairs of sacral foramens, 9 (10%) had 5 pairs of sacral foramens, and 18 (20%) had sacrococcygeal joint abnormalities. There were significant differences in sacral morphologies between the two nationalities (PO.05). The depths of the sacrum foramen and sacral hiatus were significantly greater in Uyghur women than in Han women (P0.05). Only a minor proportion of the cases had nonstandard sacral types, found only in Uygur women. Conclusion Uygur and Han women of child-bearing age in Xinjiang have morphological and anatomical differences of the sacrum, which should be considered in clinical practice.
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