妊娠合并急性Stanford A型主动脉夹层的处置策略

摘要

Objective To explore the diagnosis and treatment of pregnancy-associated acute Stanford type A aortic dissection to improve the maternal and fetal outcomes. Methods We analyzed the perioperative data of 5 pregnant women with acute Stanford type A aortic dissection treated between June, 2009 and February, 2017. Results The median age of the women was 30 years (range, 22-34 years) with gestational weeks of 23-38 weeks upon diagnosis. All the 5 patients received surgical interventions. Three patients underwent caesarean delivery and hysterectomy, and the fetuses survived after the surgery; 2 patients chose to continue pregnancy following the surgery, among whom one died due to postoperative complications and the other underwent termination of pregnancy. During follow-up, the surviving patients showed no endoleak in the descending aorta stent and the distal dissection remained stable. Conclusion The maternal and fetal outcomes of pregnancy-associated acute Stanford type A aortic dissection can be improved by multidisciplinary cooperation and optimization of the surgical approaches according to the time of pregnancy, fetal development and conditions of the aortic lesions.%目的 探讨妊娠合并急性Stanford A型主动脉夹层的诊治方法,以提高母婴救治成功率.方法 回顾性分析2009年6月~2017年2月广东省人民医院5例妊娠期患急性Stanford A型主动脉夹层孕妇围术期资料,通过对孕周及夹层病变程度、全身影响程度分析手术方式和时机.结果 5例患者中位年龄30岁(22~34岁),发病时孕周23~38周;5例均接受手术治疗,3例同期行剖宫产+子宫切除,2例继续妊娠.术后1例死于并发症.剖宫产3例胎儿均存活,继续妊娠者,1例胎儿宫内死亡,1例引产.随访期间,降主动脉支架无内漏,夹层远端无扩大.结论 在基于挽救母亲和胎儿生命的前提下,急性Stanford A型主动脉夹层孕妇术前应多学科综合评估,根据妊娠时间、胎儿发育情况、主动脉病变程度决定手术方案.