套袋抑顶对烤烟上部叶成熟及烤后烟叶质量的影响

摘要

[目的]比较打顶和套袋两种抑顶方式对上部烟叶成熟进程和烤后品质的影响,探讨套袋抑顶方式替代打顶的可行性,为开发新的抑顶方式提供理论和实践依据.[方法]采用大田试验方法,分别于初花期对烟株进行打顶与套袋处理,分析不同处理烟株上部叶腋芽发生、茎叶夹角及生长素(IAA)、脱落酸(ABA)、淀粉和水溶性糖含量的变化,并对烤后上部烟叶的化学成分与感官评吸质量进行评价.[结果]与打顶处理相比,套袋处理的烤烟植株腋芽生长势较弱,上部叶茎叶夹角较大,叶片内水溶性糖含量升高,淀粉含量降低,IAA与ABA含量增加,叶片成熟进程更快.此外,套袋处理显著降低了上部烟叶的烟碱和氯含量(P<0.05,下同),提高了总糖、还原糖、总氮和钾含量,其内在香气质和吃味也得到明显改善,感官评吸总分(39.8分)显著高于打顶组烟叶(36.5分).[结论]综合考虑上部烟叶可用性和烟叶品质,套袋抑顶方式优于打顶处理,即以烟叶套袋抑顶替代打顶具有可行性.%[Objective]This study compared the effects of decapitation and bagging on maturity process and smoking quality of tobacco upper leaf,and discussed the feasibility of replacing traditional decapitation with bagging,in order to provide theoretical and practical basis for developing a topping-inhibiting measure.[Method]The experiment was con-ducted in field. Tobacco plants were decapitated or wrapped by plastic bag at initial flowering stage,the changes of axil-lary bud occurrence,angle of stem to upper leaf,and contents of auxin(IAA),abscisic acid(ABA),starch and soluble sugar in upper leaf under different treatments were analyzed. The chemical constituents and smoking quality of flue-cured tobacco upper leaves were evaluated.[Result]Compared to those under decapitation treatment,the tobaccos under bag-ging treatment presented weaker axillary bud growth vigor,larger angle of stem to upper leaf. In the leaves,soluble sugar content increased,starch content decreased,IAA and ABA contents increased,and maturity process of upper leaf accelera-ted. In addition,the contents of nicotine and chlorine decreased significantly(P<0.05,the same below)while the content of total sugar,reducing sugar,total nitrogen and potassium increased in upper leaf under bagging treatment. Its aroma fla-vor and taste greatly improved. The total score of sensory evaluation(39.8)was significantly higher than that of decapita-tion group(36.5).[Conclusion]Based on comprehensive consideration of the usability and quality of tobacco upper leaf, bagging is better than decapitation. It is feasible to replace decapitation with bagging in tobacco planting.