阿拉伯使用者视角下南京市清真寺内院空间要素的评价分析

摘要

为了推动中国与伊斯兰世界关系的进一步发展,满足广大穆斯林在中国使用清真寺的文化需求,研究了多元文化背景下的清真寺庭院设计.清真寺由于其独特的设计形式,成为"中国-伊斯兰"多元文化融合中的重要代表,庭院作为清真寺中的一个基本构成元素,在多元文化融合背景下表现出来的形式亦各不相同.为了提升设计质量,且用户参与设计过程的需求也在不断增长,研究旨在总结传统和现代中国清真寺庭院设计在阿拉伯穆斯林使用者中现状评价状况,以评估其是否符合阿拉伯穆斯林使用者的需求.通过对居住在南京的阿拉伯穆斯林人群进行问卷调查,分析传统与现代清真寺庭院的设计要点,并对其设计方案的质量进行评价.通过清真寺庭院设计中的7个自然和人工元素,分析了清真寺庭院的功能及其结构特征.研究结果可应用于对未来清真寺庭院设计的改进提升,使其满足中国和伊斯兰穆斯林用户在使用以及审美方面的需求.%In order to promote the development of the relationship between China and the Islamic world and meet the cultural needs of Muslims when using mosques in China, this study focuses on the design of mosques in a multi-cultural context. Mosques are an integral part of the China and the Muslims' society due to their unique style and features. The courtyard is a common element in the design of mosques, and its components vary depending on regional traditions of the time and place where it was built. With the growth of interest in the term of human needs and participation between designer and users in evaluating the design quality, this study summarizes the modern and traditional Chinese mosque courtyard design for Arabian Muslim users in order to evaluate whether their physical and spiritual needs are being appropriately met or not. A questionnaire was distributed to Arab Muslims living in the city of Nanjing to discuss the quality evaluation of traditional and modern mosques' courtyard design. Through the analysis of seven natural and physical key issue elements in the design of the courtyard, the functional characteristics and configurations are analyzed. The results can be used to improve the design of the new mosque in future by using the vocabulary that accomplishes the architectural fusion of both Chinese and Islamic culture, as well as aesthetic and functional aspects.