不同生态类型区玉米生产技术效率及有偏演进模式

摘要

Based on the panel data of 17 major maize production provinces from years 2000 to 2014 which were divided into four ecological zones according to the natural and geographical conditions,a sto-chastic frontier function model was used to estimate the technology efficiency and analyze non-efficiency factors,and then we measured the biochemical and mechanical technology using efficiency in maize pro-duction process.The results show that the overall technical efficiency demonstrates an upward trend:the northern spring maize area is the highest,followed by the northwest irrigation maize area and the Huang-Huai-Hai Plain summer maize area.Technical efficiency in different areas is mainly influenced by urban-ization level,maize planting area,and effective irrigation ratio.Maize production technology progress in China is mainly advanced by biochemical technology and there exist significant differences in different technology using efficiency among these four areas.%基于2000—2014年17个玉米主产省投入产出面板数据，按照自然地理条件将其划分为北方春播玉米区、黄淮海平原夏播玉米区、西南山地玉米区和西北灌溉玉米区4个生态类型区，采用随机前沿函数模型实证分析不同生态类型区玉米生产技术效率及其影响因素。在此基础上，通过测算不同生态类型区生物化学型技术与机械技术利用效率的变动趋势，定量分析玉米生产技术进步有偏演进模式。结果显示：我国不同生态类型区玉米生产技术效率总体保持较高水平，且呈上升趋势；北方春播玉米区技术效率最高，其次为西北灌溉玉米区、黄淮海平原夏播玉米区；不同生态类型区技术效率的变化主要受城镇化水平、玉米播种比例以及有效灌溉率等因素的影响；我国玉米生产技术进步主要以生化型技术进步模式为主，但不同生态类型区生化型与机械型技术效率存在显著差异。