艾森豪威尔政府对台湾驻军政策探微

摘要

U.S.policy towards Taiwan is an important constituent of American policies in Asia .With the outbreak of Korean War , Taiwan's special geographical location and relatively stable political situation make it increasingly become the focus of America 's Asia -Pacific strategy.During Eisenhower Administration, Nation-al Security Council successively passed a series of policies towards Taiwan like NSC 146 /2, NSC5503 and NSC5723 files while throughout the documenting procedure , the Joint Chiefs of Staff, the Department of De-fense and the Department of State had controversies about whether America should set garrison troops in Tai -wan and whether the number of troops should increase or decrease .After U.S.signed the Mutual Defense Treaty in December, 1954, the number of those who enjoyed the diplomatic immunity of U .S.military per-sonnel and their dependents continued to grow , which intensified the contradiction between U .S.troops and the local residents, bring about occasional anti -American riots.The increasingly intensified Cold War , ren-dered Taiwan, the outpost of anti -communist in East Asia, subordinate to U.S.anti -Communist Defense System in Asia -Pacific region.%　　美国对台政策是美国亚洲政策的重要组成部分。随着朝鲜战争的爆发，台湾特殊的地理位置及相对稳定的政治形势使得其愈加成为美国亚太战略中的重点。艾森豪威尔政府时期，国家安全委员会相继通过了关于对台政策的 NSC146/2、 NSC5503和 NSC5723号等文件，而参谋长联席会议、国防部和国务院等部门对美国是否应当在台湾驻军以及驻军人数增减等问题的争论则贯穿整个文件制定过程。1954年12月，美台签署《共同防御条约》后，享有外交豁免权的美国驻台军事人员及眷属持续增加，伴随而来的则是美军与当地居民间矛盾的不断激化，反美骚乱时有发生。冷战的日益加剧使东亚反共“前哨基地”的台湾最终被纳入到美国在亚太地区的反共防御体系当中。