Despite that the breakdown of the Chinese Ancient Learning was generally getting worse in the Late Qing Dynasty, it was still popular in Anhui for scholars to study the classics. The officials and the gentries preferred to pursue the traditional ideas and manners of running schools, and, furthermore, they reached a consensus on the inner logic of the development of culture and academic. This open and forward-looking characteristic can be found in preserving and inheriting the ancient learning, the development of cultural and educational undertakings, and the evolution of research styles. But all of these were still“changing within tradition” on a whole. By reconstructing the trace of “preserving the ancient learning” in Anhui of Late Qing, we can find out how people had thought and acted so as to inherit ancient learning. Moreover, by studying the cultural and educational undertakings of that time, we can also examine the characteristics of the academic inheritance in Anhui: being open and inclusive on the one hand and emphasizing the succession of teachings (“jia fa”) on the other. A thorough study of this subject will deepen our understanding of both the related elites and the academics and culture in Anhui of that period.%晚清最后几年，中国传统学术整体上呈崩坏断裂之势，但经典的研习在安徽仍蔚为风气。官绅皆有意追寻传统的兴学理念和方式，更在文化学术发展的内在理路上深度契合。古学的保存和传承，文教事业的发展，乃至学术风尚的嬗替，固不乏开放而前瞻的一面，但大体仍是“传统中变”的演进脉络。重建清季安徽的“存古”履迹，可见当时皖省官绅对于接续和传承中国传统学问的独特思考和选择；而由文教事业的兴办视角，关注当时皖学的传承脉络和特色，可以观察到注重师承“家法”，而又开放包容的学术传统在近代特定时空中的承续，并为进一步研究相关精英士人，以及清季民初的学术与文化提供一个具体而微的例子。
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