从中观地理位置考察，成都地处四川盆地，受盆周山地自然地理条件的制约，进出盆地内外的交通十分不便。但是，如果将成都放在古代中国与亚洲的宏观地理中考察，成都则是北方丝绸之路、南方丝绸之路和长江经济带三大交通走廊和经济带的交汇点。以成都为起点的南方丝绸之路，早在秦汉以前就已经开通，并延续了2000多年的发展，成为古代中国内地与今云南、缅甸及东南亚等地进行经济文化交流的重要通道。汉武帝时期开通的北方丝绸之路，成都是北方丝绸之路的主要商品的供给地，成都所产丝绸产品蜀锦等在今丝绸之路沿线重要考古遗址都有大量发现。南北朝时期，当战乱使河西走廊交通受阻、从长安出发的北方丝绸之路中断之时，以成都为起点，经川西北草原进入甘南、青海，然后转入西域的“河南道”，成为新的丝绸之路，使中国内地与西北各政权及亚欧各国的贸易一直未曾中断。成都作为长江上游的政治、经济、文化中心，在先秦时期就与长江中下游地区保持非常密切的经济、文化关系，并通过长江各重要节点城市与海上丝绸之路发生直接或间接的联系。因而，成都在古代成为中国三大经济带的交汇点和交通、经济枢纽，由此推动了成都在先秦、汉和唐宋时期的三次崛起。%From middle geography prospective,Chengdu,located in Sichuan basin,has poor external traffic. However,from macro geography prospective of China and Asia,Chengdu serves as the junction of three lines of com-munications and economic belts,namely the Northern Silk Road,the Southern Silk Road and Yangtze River Econom-ic Zones.Before the Qin and Han dynasties,the Southern Silk Road,starting from Chengdu,was opened and lasted for more than 2000 years and became an important channel for economic and cultural exchanges between inland areas and other regions such as today’s Yunnan province,Myanmar and other parts of Southeast Asia.During the period of Emperor Wudi in the Han dynasty,the Northern Silk Road was opened and Chengdu became the main supply on this trade route in that Shujin and other silk products from Chengdu were discovered from the important archaeological sites along the Silk Road.During the years between the Northern and Southern dynasties,because of war in the Hexi Corridor,the Northern Silk Road was interrupted.As a result,“Henan road”which took Chengdu as the starting point via Gansu and Qinghai to the Western region has become a new Northern Silk Road,which contributed to the sustaining commercial prosperity between China and Asian and European Countries.As the centre of politics,econo-my and culture of upper reaches of the Yangtze River,Chengdu has maintained very close ties with regions in the middle and lower reaches of the river from an early stage of pre-Qin period and linked to Maritime Silk Route directly or indirectly via those major cities along the river.Hence,Chengdu has become the junction of three main economic belts and the hub of communications in ancient China,which contributes to three rises during pre-Qin period,the Han dynasty as well as Tang and Song dynasties.
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