清代福建贡院的修建及其经费考论

摘要

Fujian Provincial -level Examination Building was an important place where the imperial examination was held in the Qing Dynasty. By repair and extension in the reigns of Kangxi,Qianlong,Jiaqing, Daoguang and Tongzhi,the scale and facilities were consummated gradually. Its construction process was associated with Fujian Province’s politics,economy and cultural education,which not only embodied the improvement of Fujian cultural and educational level,but also the intensification of imperial examination competition. Besides the conventional funds,every rebuilding came from provincial efforts to raise funds. And the management of the provisions was extremely strict in order to protect the limited funds to maximize the utilization efficiency.%清代福建贡院是闽台两地举行福建乡试的抡才重地，历经康熙、乾隆、嘉庆、道光、同治等朝的重修与展拓，规模和设施逐步完善起来。福建贡院的修建历程集中了福建全省政治、经济与文化教育等诸多方面的因素，这不仅反映了福建文化教育水平的提高，同时也反映了科举考试竞争程度的加剧。福建贡院的修建经费来源除了常规的“科场银”拨款之外，历次大修经费主要是举全省之力自行筹措的结果，而且政府对贡院的修建和经费使用管理有着极其严密的规定，使得有限的科举经费利用效率最大化。