襀翅目稚虫化石的研究

摘要

回顾了国内外襀翅目稚虫化石的分类研究,以及稚虫化石食性、古生态学等综合领域的研究成果,并指出目前研究中存在的一些问题.迄今,已发表的襀翅目稚虫化石约14科48属97种,主要分布在俄罗斯和蒙古地区,中国仅6属8种.石蝇稚虫食性不同,口器结构差异明显,根据化石保存的口器结构推测化石种类的食性有植食-腐食性、捕食性,以及因保存不完整产生的未知食性.稚虫水生,因化石埋藏的特殊性,目前发现的石蝇稚虫化石绝大部分集中于湖泊环境,流水环境很难保存化石.近年来,中国东北中生代地层中发现大量保存良好的襀翅目化石(成虫和稚虫),印痕清晰,丰富多样,为中国襀翅目化石研究创造了有利条件,分类鉴定、食性分析、埋藏学、古生态学等多角度研究工作急需开展.%The taxonomic research progress of Plecoptera nymph fossils are briefly reviewed,with important success on feeding habits,paleoecology and so on,and some problems in the present study are pointed out.Up to now,14 families,48 genera,97 species have been reported,which were mainly distributed in Russia and Mongolia region,only 6 genera 8 species were recorded in China.The feeding habits is different,mouthparts structure is also different,according to the mouthparts structure that preserved in stonefly nymph fossil,the feeding habits of nymph fossils had been speculated to have detritivorous-herbivorous,carnivorous,and unknown feeding because of the incomplete preservation.Moreover,Stonefly nymph is aquatic,preferring to the running waters,but the discovered stonefly fossils are mostly concentrated in the lake environment,because of the particularity of fossil burial,it is difficult to preserve the fossils in running waters.In recent years,numerous well-preserved stonefly fossils (adults and nymphs) were discovered in the Mesozoic strata in northeast China,impression clear,rich and diverse.It creates the favorable conditions for Chinese stonefly fossils study,the multi-angle research work of stonefly fossils needs to be carried out,such as taxonomic identification,trophic analysis,taphonomy,paleoecology and so on.