In July 2016, a bloom blight was found on the eggplant in greenhouses in Beizhen, Liaoning province. At the early stage of infection, symptoms were found on the petals with water-soaked and pale brown lesions that gradually expanded. With the growth of plants, the pathogen affected the young fruit and pale mold occurred in high humidity, which caused the floral organ being dry. In order to identify the pathogen Fp01 isolated from disease lesions on blossom blight of eggplant, the pathogen pathogenicity was verified with Koch's Rule. The pathogen was preliminarily identified as Fusarium proliferatum according to its morphology, color and growth rate of the colonies, and morphology of macroconidia, chlamydospores, and conidiophores. The fungal rDNA ITS was amplified with ITS4 and ITS5, and sequenced. The sequencing results were accepted by GenBank with the accession number of KY237800. Physiological properties of the pathogen were investigated under different culture media, temperature, pH, carbon and nitrogen sources. The results showed that the mycelia of the pathogen could grow rapidly on PSA with optimum temperature of 25℃, pH 7, carbon source maltose and nitrogen source (NH4)2SO4. The mycelia could not survive above 55℃ for 10 min. The optimum temperature for conidial germination was 25℃ with pH 7, carbon source 1% glucan and nitrogen source 1% NH4Cl. The conidia could not germinate above 54℃ for 10 min.%2016年7月在辽宁省北镇市的茄子大棚内发现了一种茄子花腐病,该病害发病初期表现为花瓣上产生水渍状病斑,病斑逐渐扩大,变褐,进而侵染茄子幼果.湿度较大时,发病的花瓣和幼果均产生白色霉层,果实干瘪.为了鉴定自茄子花腐病斑上首次分离出的疑似镰孢菌Fp01,利用柯赫氏法则验证了其致病性,并且对菌落的形态、色素颜色、菌落生长速率、分生孢子的形态进行观察,初步将病原菌鉴定为层出镰孢菌;采用真菌rDNA ITS区的通用引物ITS4和ITS5对DNA进行PCR扩增,PCR产物经过测序后,测序的结果在GenBank中进行BLAST分析,分子鉴定结果表明茄子花腐病的病原菌是层出镰孢菌(Fusarium proliferatum),其序列在GenBank中的登录号为KY237800.结合不同的培养基、温度、酸碱度、碳氮源等生理指标研究该病原菌的生物学特性.对茄子层出镰孢病菌花腐病病原菌的生物学特性的初步研究结果表明:该菌株生长最适培养基为PSA培养基,最适温度为25℃,最适pH值为7,最适碳源为麦芽糖,最适氮源为硫酸铵,菌落致死温度为55℃10min;分生孢子萌发最适温度为25℃,最适pH值为7,最适碳源为1%葡聚糖溶液,最适氮源为1%氯化铵溶液,致死温度为54℃10min.
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