植物单倍体育种研究进展

摘要

很多植物存在生殖周期长、基因杂合度高、自交不亲和,且育种周期长、难度大等问题.植物单倍体加倍能够使植株快速纯合、使隐性基因表达,并且在形成单倍体过程中能够产生新的性状,创新种质资源.利用单倍体进行作物育种,可以加快育种进程、节约时间和成本、提高育种效率,是现代作物育种中快速、有效的方法之一.总结了单倍体的获得、加倍技术、鉴定方法以及单倍体研究进展,可为植物遗传育种提供技术和理论依据.%Many plants have many problems such as long reproductive cycle,high gene heterozygosity,self-incompatibility,long breeding cycle and great difficulty.Doubled haploid plants enables homozygous fast,can make recessive genes expression,and in the process of formation haploid can produce new traits,innovate germplasm resources.Haploid technology using in breeding can greatly accelerate the breeding process,save time and costs,improve breeding efficiency,which is one of the effective ways of modern fast and efficient plant breeding method.This paper summarizes the haploid obtained methods,doubling technique,identification methods and research advances in haploid breeding,which will provide technical and theoretical basis for plant genetic breeding.